Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Xinjiang plain area

Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for the urban and rural residents in the plain area of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The quality of groundwater has a direct relationship with human health. Thus, 386 groundwater samples collected from April to August in 2003 were analyzed. The samples were collected in basic evaluation units which are determined on the basis of watersheds. Total dissolved solids, total hardness, pH value, NH₃-N, C₆H₅OH, Chemiluminescence detection of permanganate index (COD_Mn) and intestinal germ group were evaluated according to the guidelines of Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T14848-93). The quality of the groundwater in each evaluation unit was classified by using the One Veto Method (a unified approach stipulated by the Ministry of Water Resources). The results indicate that the groundwater in the mainstream area of the Tarim Basin and the Yerqiang River Sub-basin belongs to Category V; the groundwater in the Wulungu River Sub-basin, the Kaidu-Kongque River Sub-basin, the Kashgar River Sub-basin, the Cherchen River Sub-basin and the Hotan River Subbasin belongs to Category IV; the groundwater in the Aibi Lake System belongs to Category II, and the groundwater of other evaluation units belongs to Category III. The causes of water quality formation were concisely analyzed. The results can be useful for the evaluation and management of water resources in the Xinjiang Plain Area.     

Response mechanism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to nanoscale bismuth oxyiodide (nano-BiOI): Integrating analysis of mineral nutrient metabolism and metabolomics

Nanoscale bismuth oxyiodide (nano-BiOI) is widely studied and applied in environmental applications and biomedical fields, with the consequence that it may be deposited into aquatic environments. However, the impact of nano-BiOI on aquatic ecosystems, especially freshwater microalga, remains limited. Herein, the nano-BiOI was synthesized and its response mechanism towards microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was evaluated. Results showed that a low concentration of nano-BiOI (5 mg/L) could stimulate algal growth at the early stage of stress. With the increase in concentration, the growth rate of algal cells was inhibited and showed a dose effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly induced and accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation, decreased nonspecific esterase activity, and significantly upregulated glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) activity. Mineral nutrient metabolism analysis showed that nano-BiOI significantly interfered with the mineral nutrients of the algae. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 35 different metabolites (DEMs, 22 upregulated, and 13 downregulated) under 100 mg/L BiOI stress. Metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that a high concentration of nano-BiOI significantly induced metabolic pathways related to amino acid biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, and glutathione biosynthesis, and significantly inhibited the sterol biosynthesis pathway. This finding will contribute to understanding the toxicological mechanisms of nano-BiOI on C. reinhardtii.     

不同人为源排放对珠江三角洲地区O3生成贡献的数值模拟

利用改进的二维欧拉空气质量模式对珠江三角洲地区不同类型人为源排放对该区域臭氧生成的贡献进行了模拟研究.结果表明,珠江三角洲区域臭氧生成受VOCs排放控制,流动源排放VOC最多,对臭氧生成的贡献也最大,分别占臭氧最大小时浓度和平均小时浓度的44%和67%;其次是溶剂和油漆挥发的贡献.点源和面源排放VOC较少,但排放NOx量大,二者对臭氧生成影响是负的.控制所有类型人为源排放,珠江三角洲区域臭氧日均浓度和最大浓度将分别减少78%和90%.模拟结果还显示,受气象场和光化学反应共同影响,珠江三角洲南部区域是臭氧浓度高值区.     

灰色关联分析法在水质评价中的应用

提出了等标分极标准的概念,进而利用等标分级标准和待评价水质样本各组分等标污染指数作灰色关联分析,得到一组待评价水质样本对于各级等标分极标准的关联度,按关联度最大将待评价的水质样本归入相应的水质级别中,用该方法对新疆某水库水质进行了评价,通过与模糊综合评判法和灰色聚类法评价结果对比发现:用灰色关联分析法评价水质,既具有模糊综合评判法和灰色聚类法的优点,又弥补了其不完善之处,评价结果比较符合实际状况,且更具有可比性。     

化学沉淀法去除煤气废水中氨氮的研究

采用化学沉淀法去除煤气废水中的氨氮。研究了不同pH、沉淀剂种类及投药比对氨氮去除效果的影响。试验表明,沉淀剂MgCl2·6H2O+Na2HPO4·12H2O明显优于MgO+H3PO4。当投药摩尔比n(Mg2+):n(NH4+):n(PO43-)为1.2:1:1、pH为9.5时,废水中氨氮的去除率为87.4％,COD的去除率为45.6％,同时得到的MgNH4PO4·6H2O可作为复合肥料使用。     

七种萘有机化合物对活性污泥的抑制作用

本文依据呼吸法测定的微生物耗氧速率,研究了七种萘有机化合物对活性污泥的抑制作用,建立了微生物相对呼吸速率与抑制物浓度之间的定量方程,据此方程计算了七种化合物在废水生物处理系统中的建议最高可容许浓度以及对微生物呼吸的半抑制浓度EC_（50）,并得到了EC_（50）与正辛醇-水分配系数lgK_（ow）之间的线性回归方程。     

复合功能吸附树脂对双组分萘系化合物的竞争吸附研究

1-氨基 -2 -萘酚 -4 -磺酸 ( 1,2 ,4-酸 )和 2 -萘酚自不同双组分吸附体系中吸附至复合功能吸附树脂 AL -1上的吸附等温线符合 F reundlich等温模型。1,2 ,4-酸的吸附为吸热过程 ,而 2 -萘酚的吸附为放热过程。固相上的 2 -萘酚几乎不影响 1,2 ,4-酸的吸附 ,而固相上的 1,2 ,4-酸大大削弱了 2 -萘酚的吸附。两种溶质在吸附位点上的竞争为主要作用机制。     

树脂吸附法处理氯霉素中间体DL-氨基物合成废水

研究了树脂吸附法处理氯霉素生产中产生的DL 1 对硝基苯基 2 氨基 1 ,3 丙二醇 (DL 氨基物 )碱解废水的工艺。结果表明 ,NG 1 0 0超高交联吸附树脂对废水中DL 氨基物具有较好的吸附性能。在试验条件下 ,废水CODCr为 72 0 0mg/L ,DL 氨基物含量为 2 86 5mg/L ,批处理 1 7BV时 ,平均出水CODCr降至 89 3mg/L ,CODCr去除率 >98% ;出水中DL 氨基物未检出 ,去除率近 1 0 0 %。树脂经稀酸脱附处理后 ,再生性能良好 ,高浓脱附液可直接回用于氯霉素生产酸性水解工艺中 ,使回收物得到有效利用     

简化计算氟氯碳化合物臭氧消耗潜势的研究

计算氟氯碳化合物及其代用品的臭氧消耗潜势（ODP）是研制氟氯碳化合物替代物工作的重要一环。本文在数值解法上作了若干改进,对程序也进行了优化,使得矩阵求逆的过程既省内存,又有较快的运算速度,建立了简化的能在微机上计算ODP的一维时变光化模式。计算结果表明,该模式较好地描述了所模拟的大气情况;用该模式计算的ODP值和文献一致,为能在较大范围内以较简单的方法模拟计算ODP提供了一种简便方法。     

砷在不同物候期香蒲中的分布及其生理影响

为研究砷(As)在挺水植物中的富集和植物的逆境适应特征,以香蒲(Typha angustifolius L.)为例,通过水培模拟实验,研究As(浓度为0、0.5、2.0、5.0、10.0 mg/L)胁迫下不同物候期(生长期、花果期、枯黄期)香蒲叶组织和亚细胞水平As的分布特征及对活性氧代谢的生理影响。结果表明:香蒲叶组织As含量随As胁迫浓度的增加呈现逐渐升高的趋势;随着香蒲的生长(生长期、花果期、枯黄期),叶组织中As含量呈现先升高后下降的趋势,As含量在生长期最高,表明生长期的香蒲对As的富集积累能力最强。在As胁迫下,随着香蒲的生长,叶细胞壁和细胞液中As的分布比例之和为63.5%~84.5%,表明细胞壁和细胞液组分是香蒲储存As的主要部位。As对不同物候期香蒲叶中过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响与As浓度呈正相关,对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性产生低促高抑的作用,在不同物候期,POD与CAT存在互补关系,表明香蒲通过限制As细胞壁的固持和细胞液的区隔化来降低As的毒害;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量随香蒲生长和As浓度增加均显著增加,表明抗氧化酶相互协作是香蒲应对As胁迫的重要策略。